What is sexual consent?

In the wake of recent years, prompted significantly by investigations into Child Sexual Abuse and the prominence of sexual assault trials, there has been a heightened inquiry into the fundamental question of "What is Sexual Consent?" Sexual consent is a crucial element in any healthy and respectful sexual relationship, extending beyond intercourse to encompass various intimate interactions. Sexual consent is defined as a mutual, voluntary, and enthusiastic agreement between partners, it emphasizes ongoing communication and respect for boundaries. Consent applies to any sexual activities such as touching, kissing, and more, requiring continuous affirmation and clear communication. Both partners have the right to say "NO" at any point, fostering an environment of trust and understanding. A healthy sexual relationship is characterised by mutual comfort, where open communication allows partners to express needs and boundaries without fear or coercion. 

Consent must be ‘informed’, this refers to the need for a person to understand what they are consenting to, with nothing preventing them from providing their consent or changing their mind. Informed consent cannot be given in many circumstances including if someone is:

• under the age of consent
• unclear about the sexual behaviour being asked of them at the time
• unable to understand the sexual behaviour being asked of them, for example due to cognitive impairment
• passed out, unconscious or asleep
• heavily affected by alcohol or other drugs
• misled about what the sexual activity involves or its purpose, including the identity of the other person
• forced or pressured into the sexual interaction (Australian Government 2022; DSS 2022).

Building a culture of consent involves open communication, respect for boundaries, and a willingness to adapt to each other's comfort levels. This approach ensures that both partners actively participate in creating a consensual and enjoyable sexual experience. Consent is not a blanket approval for all sexual actions. Recognizing the importance of checking in with your partner and expressing your own comfort levels contributes to a respectful and consensual sexual relationship. Building a foundation of trust and open dialogue creates an environment where both partners feel comfortable expressing their feelings and ensuring that the sexual experience is consensual and enjoyable for all involved.

Sex and sexual activity encompass a broad spectrum of intimate interactions. Sexual intercourse involves penetration of the vagina, genitalia, or anus by a penis. Other forms include penetration with objects or body parts, oral sex, sexual touching (over and under clothing, handjobs, masturbation, kissing), non-touching acts (e.g., masturbating in front of someone), and sexual imagery or recordings (e.g., sexting). Laws regarding sexual activities, especially explicit content, vary by jurisdiction, emphasizing the need to understand and adhere to legal standards. Consent, communication, and mutual respect remain crucial in any healthy sexual relationship. Engaging in sexting with someone underage carries serious legal consequences, highlighting the importance of compliance with these laws. 

The age for sexual consent varies across jurisdictions and is the legal age at which an individual is considered mature enough to engage in sexual activities willingly. This measure aims to protect individuals, particularly minors, from exploitation and ensure consensual and lawful relationships. The age for sexual consent can differ by region and may vary for different types of sexual activities. The age of sexual consent in Australia has varying ages by state and territory, from 16 to 17. Understanding and adhering to local laws are crucial, as engaging in sexual activities with someone below the age of consent can result in criminal charges. For specific information, it's advisable to consult local legal resources or seek advice from legal professionals. More details can be found at: https://aifs.gov.au/resources/resource-sheets/age-consent-laws-australia

What if I don’t give sexual consent? Sexual abuse can be unwanted touching, kissing, oral sex, rape or even verbal or written. Sexual abuse can cause trauma, depression, anxiety, and other mental and physical health problems. Any time you are made to do something you are not comfortable with this may be sexual abuse. Absolutely, seeking support and assistance is crucial in situations where individuals feel uncomfortable, or face challenges related to consent, sexual relationships, or general well-being. Here are some resources that can provide help, guidance, and support:

• Lifeline (24-hour crisis line):
• Phone: 131 114
• ReachOut:
• Website
• Kids Helpline:
• Phone: 1800 55 1800
• Website
• 1800RESPECT:
• National Sexual Assault, Domestic Family Violence Counselling Service
• Phone: 1800 737 732
• Website
• Youth Law Australia:
• Website

In case of immediate danger or if someone doesn't feel safe, it's important to contact emergency services:

• Emergency Services (Australia):
• Call triple zero (000)

These resources are designed to offer support, information, and assistance to individuals dealing with a variety of issues, including those related to consent, sexual abuse, and overall well-being. They can provide guidance on legal matters, emotional support, and information on available services. Remember that reaching out for help is a sign of strength, and these organizations are there to assist individuals in navigating challenging situations.

In summary, this article answers the basic question, what is sexual consent? It is a crucial element in healthy relationships, requiring voluntary, clear, and enthusiastic agreement for any sexual activity. It involves ongoing communication, mutual understanding, and respect for boundaries. Promoting a culture of consent is essential in preventing misconduct and fostering positive relationships through open communication and a commitment to well-being.